Female Genital Mutilation (the removal of the labia, clitoral hood, and/or clitoris) is, thankfully, slowly going out of fashion. However, in 13 African countries, more than half of adult women have undergone FGM. In Somalia, the figure is a shocking 98% of adult women, with many other countries not far behind. Increased awareness of the dangers of FGM is gradually putting an end to the practice, but progress is not seen in all countries. As well, an increasing population means the number of women who have undergone FGM is on the rise, even as the percentage falls. Male circumcision is much more widespread, with one third of males worldwide being circumcised - Canada at 32% and the U.S. at 55%. In the Islamic and Jewish faiths, male circumcision is considered an obligation, but not in Christianity. Circumcision spread amongst predominantly Christian countries when it was suggested it prevented masturbation, and could also provide health benefits. However, the practice has declined in recent years as masturbation has gained acceptance, and the health benefits have come under question (although it has been shown to slightly reduce the risk of contracting HIV).
Bonus:
Subsequent anniversaries of monarchs are referred to as jubilees, and are named after materials of increasing worth. 25 years on the throne is silver, 40 is ruby, 50 is golden, 60 is diamond, 65 is sapphire, and 70 is platinum. Only three leaders have lived to celebrate their platinum jubilee.
-E
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