The capital cities of many countries are often also the largest city, however this doesn't always hold true. 36 countries have capitals that go against this trend. However, amongst these many capitals are close seconds (Yaoundé, Quito, Abu Dhabi, etc.) and others are the largest if you consider the metro area as well (New Delhi, Vaduz, Valletta, etc). After controlling for these, only 15 world capitals are truly dwarfed (4+ times smaller) by larger cities: Brasilia, Belmopan, Ottawa, Canberra, Sucre, Yamoussoukro, Rabat, Naypyidaw, Wellington, Islamabad, Abuja, Ngerulmud, Washington DC, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, and Dodoma. Oyala will soon join this list as well.
Bonus:
Of these cities, Ngerulmud (the capital of Palau) is the most dramatic example of disproportionately small capitals: over 40 times smaller than the largest city, Koror. In fact with only about 300 people, Ngerulmud is the smallest world capital (Vatican has around 450).
-E
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